A leaking air conditioner indicates a problem that will require prompt attention from an AC repair technician — the sooner it’s fixed, the less long-term damage it can cause. In today’s post, local HVAC company Air Products & Services discusses the different types of air conditioning leaks, their causes and what can be done to fix them.
Identifying the Type of Leak
You’re not expected to do your own HVAC repairs — in fact, you shouldn’t — but being able to identify the type of leak can help make sure that your air conditioner isn’t used until the problem is fixed. In addition to the puddles or water stains near the outdoor unit, signs of leaks include unusual noises and odors coming from the AC, as well as a noticeable decrease in cooling output. The following are the two kinds of air conditioning leaks:
- Water leaks. During the cooling process, moisture from the indoor space is collected by the evaporator coil and is collected by a condensate pan through a drainage line. Leaks can occur when the drainage line becomes clogged or damaged. Clogging can happen when dirt and small insects make their way into the drain line from the outside. Algae can likewise grow inside the tubing during seasons when the air conditioner is not in use. Damage to the condensate pan can also result in water leaking around the air conditioner’s outdoor unit.
- Refrigerant leaks. Air conditioning systems generate cool air and take away heat from the room by putting a substance called refrigerant through various states of compression. Unlike fuel, refrigerant is not a consumable substance; an air conditioner can virtually cool a room throughout its service life on a single refrigerant charge. A refrigerant leak can cause various problems such as decreased efficiency, lower cooling output and a greater risk of premature breakdown. Other signs that point to a refrigerant leak include ice buildup on the evaporator coils and a noticeable increase in your energy bills.
Is a Leaking Air Conditioner Dangerous?
Fortunately, both types of leaks do not pose immediate health risks that require evacuating the house. However, you should not ignore the signs that point to possible leaks either, as they could lead to a premature air conditioning replacement.
A residential air conditioner leaking water may not look like much, but on humid days, it can generate as much as 18 gallons of condensate a day. Sure, it’s a small fraction of the rainwater coming from gutters during a mild rainshower, but 18 gallons are enough to seep into the walls and cause damage to the framing and insulation. The same amount can infiltrate a basement window and damage whatever’s immediately under it, or cause mold and mildew to grow sight unseen.
The risks associated with exposure to refrigerants include skin irritation and respiratory issues. Refrigerants are also poisonous when ingested or inhaled. In case of older air conditioning units that still use HCFC refrigerants like R-22, there is the added risk of harm to the environment. Fortunately, such refrigerants are already banned for use in new air conditioners.
What Do HVAC Professionals Do to Air Conditioner Leaks?
When you notice signs of a leak, turn the air conditioner off and schedule an appointment with an HVAC professional, who will inspect the unit and isolate the source of the leak. In case of a water leak but the condensate line is still in good condition, the HVAC professional may detach it and flush the insides using a cleaning solution that kills mold and algae. Since most air conditioners have condensate lines made of plastic, it can be easily replaced if the leak turns out to be caused by a puncture. Issues that result in poor drainage, such as incorrect drain line length, will also be addressed during your appointment.
Addressing refrigerant leaks is a bit more complicated. First, the technician will isolate the refrigerant line and test it for leaks and fix it. The leaks can be caused by loose connections or a damaged refrigerant line. If the HVAC professional is not from the same company who installed the unit, they may ask you for the type of refrigerant, as stated on the label affixed on the outdoor unit. Once the source of the leak has been identified and fixed, it will be recharged (that is, the refrigerant will be refilled and pressurized) and the air conditioner will be tested for several minutes to make sure the leak is completely fixed.
Preventative Measures
As a homeowner, there are a few things that you can do to prevent air conditioner leaks from happening.
- Routine maintenance. Annual inspections, conducted by an HVAC professional, can help stave off most air conditioner problems, leaks included. If your AC is also used as a heat pump, your HVAC professional may recommend a second inspection before the heating season.
- Inspect the condensate and refrigerant lines. Inspect the condensate and refrigerant lines as part of your monthly HVAC inspection routine, which should also include replacing the air filters when full and cleaning the vents and registers. Removing small pieces of dirt from the end of the condensate line can prevent water from backing up. Draining the condensate pan regularly can also help prevent overflowing. Regular inspections can also help you spot AC problems sooner.
- Upgrade to a better system. If your air conditioner is up for replacement, consider upgrading to a better system instead of a similar unit. Choose an air conditioner that uses a safer type of refrigerant, and with better efficiency ratings.
- Work with a reputable HVAC company. It’s no secret that some air conditioner problems are caused by installation mistakes. Experienced and certified HVAC technicians are far less likely to commit such mistakes. When they work for a reputable HVAC company that offers coverage for their workmanship, you have all your bases covered.
If you suspect a leak in your AC unit, or if you want to learn more about our AC troubleshooting system services, get in touch with Air Products & Services at (818) 989-2030. You can also fill out our contact form to schedule an appointment with our HVAC professionals. We serve Tarzana, CA, and the surrounding communities.